浙商資產(chan)研究院(yuan)《不良資產(chan)行業周報》(第206期)
發(fa)布時間(jian): 2022年04月06日 17:30
本期要點:
一、政策動態
(一(yi))央(yang)行:高(gao)風險機(ji)構數量已降至(zhi)316家(jia)
(二)銀保監(jian)會首次發(fa)布(bu)地方AMC名單
(三)人(ren)民銀行貨幣政策委員會召開2022年第一季(ji)度例會
二、行業訊息
(一)劉正均將出任華(hua)融董事長(chang)
(二(er))中國信(xin)達(da)去年不良(liang)資產收入占(zhan)比78.9%
(三(san))上市銀行(xing)曬出(chu)房地產業(ye)務(wu)風險敞(chang)口
來源:浙(zhe)商資產研(yan)究院
一、政策動態
(一(yi))央行(xing):高風險機構數量已降至(zhi)316家
近日(ri),2021年四季(ji)度(du)央(yang)行(xing)金(jin)融(rong)機構(gou)評級結果(guo)公(gong)布(bu)。評級結果(guo)顯示,大部分機構(gou)在安(an)全邊界(jie)內,資(zi)產占(zhan)比(bi)約99%;高風(feng)險機構(gou)連續6個季(ji)度(du)下降(jiang),較峰值(zhi)壓降(jiang)過半,數量較峰值(zhi)已(yi)減少333家,現有316家高風(feng)險機構(gou)總資(zi)產僅占(zhan)銀(yin)行(xing)業總資(zi)產的1%。
評論:央行評價(jia)的(de)高風險金(jin)融(rong)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)數量(liang)下(xia)降為市場(chang)提(ti)供信心,總體風險把控已(yi)經越過峰值,下(xia)階段監管層關心的(de)將(jiang)是預防新生金(jin)融(rong)風險,關注金(jin)融(rong)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)日常行為管控。對于不良資(zi)產(chan)從業者來說,高風險金(jin)融(rong)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)數量(liang)下(xia)降意(yi)味著業務方向(xiang)要(yao)從圍(wei)繞金(jin)融(rong)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)轉(zhuan)向(xiang)圍(wei)繞企(qi)業和經濟轉(zhuan)型,關注以(yi)投行化手段運作資(zi)產(chan)。
(二(er))銀保監會首次發布地方AMC名單
近日,銀保監會(hui)官網(wang)正式發布了《地(di)方(fang)資(zi)產(chan)(chan)管(guan)理(li)(li)公(gong)司(si)(si)名單》,顯示我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)目前(qian)有(you)(you)地(di)方(fang)AMC共59家。包括(kuo)北京市國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)通資(zi)產(chan)(chan)管(guan)理(li)(li)有(you)(you)限(xian)責任公(gong)司(si)(si)、北京資(zi)產(chan)(chan)管(guan)理(li)(li)有(you)(you)限(xian)公(gong)司(si)(si)等,其(qi)中(zhong)大連(lian)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)新(xin)資(zi)產(chan)(chan)管(guan)理(li)(li)有(you)(you)限(xian)責任公(gong)司(si)(si)獲批成(cheng)立(li)于2021年(nian)12月。數據顯示,截至2020年(nian)末,全國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)58家(不(bu)(bu)包括(kuo)大連(lian)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)新(xin)資(zi)產(chan)(chan)管(guan)理(li)(li)有(you)(you)限(xian)責任公(gong)司(si)(si))地(di)方(fang)AMC總資(zi)產(chan)(chan)為8983億(yi)元(yuan),負債總額(e)為5898億(yi)元(yuan),實繳注冊資(zi)本1980億(yi)元(yuan);存(cun)量(liang)不(bu)(bu)良資(zi)產(chan)(chan)賬面值(zhi)10573億(yi)元(yuan);存(cun)量(liang)不(bu)(bu)良資(zi)產(chan)(chan)投資(zi)余額(e)3956億(yi)元(yuan)。
評論:銀保(bao)監(jian)會發布(bu)地(di)方(fang)資(zi)(zi)產(chan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)公(gong)司(si)名單實質上(shang)是對(dui)地(di)方(fang)資(zi)(zi)產(chan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)公(gong)司(si)布(bu)局監(jian)管(guan)(guan)要求(qiu)的前置動作(zuo),首先明確受到監(jian)管(guan)(guan)的主體名單,然后便是正式出臺(tai)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)辦法(fa)。地(di)方(fang)資(zi)(zi)產(chan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)公(gong)司(si)的資(zi)(zi)本規(gui)模相對(dui)弱小,與四大資(zi)(zi)產(chan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)公(gong)司(si)區域分公(gong)司(si)的競爭中通常(chang)處(chu)于弱勢,但(dan)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)又將兩者主業限定于同一處(chu),后續(xu)地(di)方(fang)資(zi)(zi)產(chan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)公(gong)司(si)發展仍(reng)需要監(jian)管(guan)(guan)明確方(fang)向。
(三(san))人民銀行貨(huo)幣政策委員(yuan)會召開2022年第一季度例會
會(hui)(hui)議指出(chu),當(dang)前國(guo)(guo)外(wai)(wai)疫情持(chi)(chi)續,地(di)緣政治沖突升級,外(wai)(wai)部環境更(geng)趨復雜嚴峻和(he)不(bu)確定(ding),國(guo)(guo)內疫情發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)頻次有(you)(you)所(suo)增(zeng)多,經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)面(mian)臨需求(qiu)收(shou)縮、供(gong)給沖擊、預期(qi)(qi)轉弱三重壓力(li)。要穩(wen)(wen)字當(dang)頭(tou)、穩(wen)(wen)中(zhong)求(qiu)進(jin),強化(hua)(hua)跨周(zhou)期(qi)(qi)和(he)逆周(zhou)期(qi)(qi)調節,加(jia)大穩(wen)(wen)健(jian)的貨幣政策(ce)實(shi)施(shi)力(li)度,增(zeng)強前瞻性(xing)(xing)(xing)、精準性(xing)(xing)(xing)、自主性(xing)(xing)(xing),發(fa)(fa)(fa)揮(hui)好貨幣政策(ce)工具的總量和(he)結構雙重功能(neng)(neng)(neng),主動應對(dui)(dui),提(ti)(ti)振信(xin)(xin)心,為(wei)實(shi)體經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)更(geng)有(you)(you)力(li)支(zhi)持(chi)(chi),穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)宏觀(guan)(guan)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)大盤。進(jin)一步疏通(tong)貨幣政策(ce)傳(chuan)(chuan)導(dao)機制,保持(chi)(chi)流動性(xing)(xing)(xing)合(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)充裕,增(zeng)強信(xin)(xin)貸總量增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)的穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing),保持(chi)(chi)貨幣供(gong)應量和(he)社(she)會(hui)(hui)融(rong)(rong)(rong)資規模增(zeng)速(su)同名義經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)增(zeng)速(su)基本(ben)匹配(pei),保持(chi)(chi)宏觀(guan)(guan)杠(gang)桿率(lv)基本(ben)穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)。深化(hua)(hua)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)供(gong)給側結構性(xing)(xing)(xing)改(gai)革,引導(dao)大銀行服(fu)務重心下(xia)沉,推(tui)動中(zhong)小銀行聚焦主責主業,支(zhi)持(chi)(chi)銀行補充資本(ben),共同維護金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)市場的穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),健(jian)全(quan)具有(you)(you)高(gao)度適應性(xing)(xing)(xing)、競爭(zheng)力(li)、普(pu)惠性(xing)(xing)(xing)的現代金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)體系。完(wan)(wan)善(shan)市場化(hua)(hua)利(li)(li)(li)率(lv)形成(cheng)和(he)傳(chuan)(chuan)導(dao)機制,優化(hua)(hua)央行政策(ce)利(li)(li)(li)率(lv)體系,加(jia)強存款利(li)(li)(li)率(lv)監管(guan)(guan),著力(li)穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)銀行負債成(cheng)本(ben),發(fa)(fa)(fa)揮(hui)貸款市場報價利(li)(li)(li)率(lv)改(gai)革效能(neng)(neng)(neng),推(tui)動降(jiang)低企(qi)業綜合(he)(he)(he)融(rong)(rong)(rong)資成(cheng)本(ben)。構建金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)有(you)(you)效支(zhi)持(chi)(chi)實(shi)體經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)的體制機制,完(wan)(wan)善(shan)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)支(zhi)持(chi)(chi)創新體系,引導(dao)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)機構增(zeng)加(jia)制造業中(zhong)長(chang)(chang)期(qi)(qi)貸款,努力(li)做(zuo)到金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)對(dui)(dui)民營(ying)企(qi)業的支(zhi)持(chi)(chi)與民營(ying)企(qi)業對(dui)(dui)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)社(she)會(hui)(hui)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的貢獻(xian)相(xiang)適應,以促進(jin)實(shi)現碳達峰、碳中(zhong)和(he)為(wei)目標(biao)完(wan)(wan)善(shan)綠色(se)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)體系。維護住房(fang)消費(fei)者(zhe)合(he)(he)(he)法權益,更(geng)好滿足購房(fang)者(zhe)合(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)住房(fang)需求(qiu),促進(jin)房(fang)地(di)產(chan)市場健(jian)康發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)和(he)良性(xing)(xing)(xing)循環。推(tui)進(jin)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)高(gao)水平雙向開放(fang),提(ti)(ti)高(gao)開放(fang)條件下(xia)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)和(he)防控(kong)風險能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)。
評論:人(ren)行(xing)(xing)定(ding)調(diao)本(ben)年(nian)的(de)貨幣政策還是要(yao)強化逆周期調(diao)節,這說明人(ren)行(xing)(xing)對(dui)商業銀行(xing)(xing)的(de)支(zhi)持會稀(xi)釋不(bu)(bu)良(liang)(liang)貸款率,引發商業銀行(xing)(xing)出清不(bu)(bu)良(liang)(liang)資產(chan)的(de)監管(guan)壓力下降,資產(chan)管(guan)理公司之間的(de)同(tong)業競(jing)爭加劇,同(tong)業競(jing)爭拉升不(bu)(bu)良(liang)(liang)資產(chan)估值(zhi),反(fan)向會影響商業銀行(xing)(xing)的(de)出包意愿(yuan)。總之本(ben)年(nian)的(de)不(bu)(bu)良(liang)(liang)資產(chan)市場是相對(dui)利好賣方的(de)
二、行業資訊
(一)劉(liu)正均將出任(ren)華(hua)融董事長
3月30日,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)華(hua)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)召(zhao)開領導干部大(da)會,宣布免去(qu)王占峰中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)華(hua)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)黨委書(shu)記、董(dong)事(shi)長(chang)、執行(xing)董(dong)事(shi)職務(wu),另有(you)任(ren)用。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)信(xin)集(ji)團(tuan)黨委委員(yuan)、副總(zong)經理劉正(zheng)均兼任(ren)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)華(hua)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)黨委書(shu)記,推(tui)(tui)薦提(ti)名為董(dong)事(shi)長(chang)人(ren)選;中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)信(xin)集(ji)團(tuan)財務(wu)部副總(zong)經理朱文輝任(ren)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)華(hua)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)黨委委員(yuan),推(tui)(tui)薦提(ti)名為副總(zong)裁、財務(wu)總(zong)監(jian)人(ren)選。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)信(xin)集(ji)團(tuan)持有(you)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)華(hua)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)的股比為26.46%,已成為中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)華(hua)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)第一大(da)股東。華(hua)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)稱,華(hua)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)黨組織關系、領導班子和領導人(ren)員(yuan)近期已整體劃轉(zhuan)至中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)信(xin)集(ji)團(tuan)黨委管理。經歷2020年千億巨虧(kui)后,華(hua)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)經營亦逐步(bu)回歸正(zheng)軌(gui),去(qu)年實現凈利潤19.86億元,較2020年扭虧(kui)為盈。
評論:華融(rong)資產(chan)為完(wan)成風險(xian)化解引入戰略資本(ben)方,也因此(ci)在(zai)層級上降級成為中(zhong)信(xin)集團的子公司,經營管理人員由中(zhong)信(xin)集團委派和管理。王占峰董(dong)事長圓滿完(wan)成風險(xian)化解的重要任務,此(ci)后華融(rong)資產(chan)將會向平穩發展的軌(gui)道推進。
(二)中(zhong)國信達去(qu)年不(bu)良資產收入(ru)占比78.9%
中(zhong)國信達(da)黨委書記、總裁張衛東(dong)透露,去年信達(da)收(shou)(shou)購(gou)(gou)信托公司轉讓債權(quan)近(jin)百億(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)元(yuan),與(yu)中(zhong)國信托業(ye)保障基金(jin)達(da)成(cheng)戰略合作;競得(de)首單銀(yin)(yin)登中(zhong)心單戶對公不(bu)良(liang)資(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)(chan),收(shou)(shou)購(gou)(gou)首單銀(yin)(yin)行理財不(bu)良(liang)資(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)并成(cheng)功(gong)處置。截至2021年末(mo),信達(da)不(bu)良(liang)資(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)經營板塊總資(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)9974.93億(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)元(yuan),收(shou)(shou)入總額(e)770.90億(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)元(yuan),稅前利(li)潤141.94億(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)元(yuan),占集團收(shou)(shou)入總額(e)的78.9%。去年新(xin)增收(shou)(shou)購(gou)(gou)金(jin)融(rong)類(lei)不(bu)良(liang)債權(quan)資(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)485.64億(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)元(yuan),比(bi)上年同期增長7.65%;拓(tuo)展(zhan)非銀(yin)(yin)行金(jin)融(rong)機構不(bu)良(liang)資(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)收(shou)(shou)購(gou)(gou),全(quan)年收(shou)(shou)購(gou)(gou)非銀(yin)(yin)行金(jin)融(rong)機構不(bu)良(liang)資(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)110.21億(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)元(yuan),比(bi)上年同期增長105.18%。
評論:信達資(zi)產回(hui)歸主業(ye)的力(li)度非(fei)常大,不(bu)僅在傳統銀行(xing)不(bu)良資(zi)產市場參(can)與積(ji)極,而且在信托不(bu)良、理財不(bu)良等方面也有(you)實質性項(xiang)目落(luo)地(di),不(bu)良資(zi)產業(ye)務爆(bao)發式增長給同業(ye)帶來巨大壓力(li),地(di)方資(zi)產管理公司良莠(you)不(bu)齊(qi),部分機(ji)構有(you)可能(neng)會退(tui)出市場。
(三(san))上市(shi)銀行曬出(chu)房地(di)產業務(wu)風險敞口
截至3月31日,6家國(guo)有大(da)(da)型銀行(xing)和(he)8家全(quan)國(guo)性股份正式披(pi)露2021年財報(bao)(bao),房(fang)地(di)(di)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)務相關數據逐漸浮(fu)出水面(mian),在當前(qian)(qian)房(fang)地(di)(di)產(chan)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)面(mian)臨(lin)貸款集中度(du)要(yao)求和(he)調控(kong)變化雙重壓(ya)力下,銀行(xing)資產(chan)質量、業(ye)(ye)務布局受到較大(da)(da)影響。通過(guo)梳理各銀行(xing)財報(bao)(bao)和(he)業(ye)(ye)績會信(xin)息(xi)發現(xian),報(bao)(bao)告期內,地(di)(di)產(chan)對公業(ye)(ye)務不良率普遍有所抬頭。截至2021年末,目(mu)前(qian)(qian)仍有1家國(guo)有大(da)(da)行(xing)和(he)5家股份行(xing)房(fang)地(di)(di)產(chan)領域(yu)貸款集中度(du)“超標”。
評論:上市(shi)銀行房(fang)(fang)地(di)(di)產行業風險(xian)敞口(kou)相對較多,尤其是疫(yi)情(qing)發生(sheng)后工商業需求驟減,國(guo)家貨幣寬(kuan)松最終流入住宅房(fang)(fang)地(di)(di)產領域,疊加(jia)居民(min)對房(fang)(fang)地(di)(di)產資(zi)產的(de)炒作熱情(qing)和信(xin)仰,銀行依然增(zeng)加(jia)對房(fang)(fang)地(di)(di)產的(de)信(xin)用(yong)敞口(kou),最終導致目前的(de)情(qing)形。以后監(jian)管(guan)需要引導資(zi)金向實體經濟靠攏,減少非理性業務行為(wei)。
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